Why does a lip stain leave colour on your lips long after the gloss has gone, while a pressed eyeshadow wipes away with a cotton pad? The answer usually comes down to whether the colour comes from a dye or a pigment. Dyes are colourants that dissolve in water, oil or alcohol. Because they dissolve,…
When people say a makeup product is highly pigmented, they usually mean it gives strong colour in one swipe. When they call something chalky or patchy, they often blame fillers. Both words get used loosely, and fillers in particular have picked up a bad reputation they do not entirely deserve. Pigments are the ingredients that…
Almost every highlighter, shimmer eyeshadow, glowy foundation and lip gloss that catches the light owes its effect to one ingredient: mica. It appears on labels as mica, CI 77019 or sometimes as part of a coated pigment, and it is one of the oldest ingredients used in cosmetics. Mica creates shimmer because it forms extremely…
Clumpy mascara is one of the most common makeup frustrations. Instead of long, fluttery lashes, you end up with spiky clusters, blobs at the tips or lashes stuck together in groups. It can happen with an expensive mascara as easily as with a budget one. Mascara clumps when too much product builds up on the…
If your foundation pills, streaks or slides off by lunchtime, the problem may not be the foundation itself. It may be the combination of products underneath it. One of the most common reasons makeup layers badly is mixing products with different bases, especially silicone-based and water-based formulas. Silicone-based cosmetics list a silicone such as dimethicone,…
Clean beauty has become one of the biggest trends in cosmetics. Retailers have clean sections, brands carry clean seals and many shoppers now look for the word clean before anything else on a label. Yet two clean products can have very different ingredient lists. A clean-label cosmetic is a product marketed as being made without…
Emollient is one of those words that appears on moisturiser labels, in dermatologist advice and in ingredient guides, often without much explanation. It is worth understanding, because emollients are one of the three building blocks of almost every moisturiser. Emollients are ingredients that soften and smooth the skin by filling in the tiny gaps between…
Hypoallergenic is one of the most reassuring words on a makeup label. It suggests the product is gentle, safe for sensitive skin and unlikely to cause a reaction. For many shoppers with sensitive or allergy-prone skin, it is the first thing they look for. Hypoallergenic makeup is makeup that the manufacturer says is less likely…
Talc is one of the most common ingredients in face powders, blushes, eyeshadows and setting powders. It is also one of the most debated. If you break out after wearing powder, it is natural to wonder whether talc is the culprit. Talc itself is not considered strongly pore-clogging. It is a soft mineral that absorbs…
You put on mascara in the morning and by mid-afternoon there are grey smudges under your eyes. Some mascaras seem to stay perfectly in place for one person and transfer within hours for another, even when both use the same tube. Mascara smudges when something softens the formula after it dries. The most common causes…
A glossy, glass-like finish is one of the most requested makeup looks, but the usual advice is to pat facial oil over everything. That works for some people, yet it can feel greasy, break down foundation, slide around by lunchtime and leave oily or acne-prone skin looking shiny rather than fresh. You can create a…
Foundation labels describe finish as matte, soft matte, satin, natural, dewy or radiant, and it is not always obvious what separates them. The finish you choose affects how your skin looks in daylight and photos, how long your makeup lasts and how comfortable it feels. A matte finish has little or no shine. It controls…
Lipsticks, balms, cream shadows, cleansing balms and many sticks are held together by wax. Glosses, facial oils, cleansing oils and liquid highlighters rely more on oils. Both are part of the same family of oily ingredients, but they behave very differently on your skin and lips. A wax base uses ingredients that are solid at…
Mixing makeup is one of the easiest ways to get exactly the finish you want. A drop of illuminator makes a matte foundation glow, a little moisturiser turns full coverage into a skin tint, and two shades combined can give a better match than either alone. But not every mix works, and some can make…
pH has become a selling point in skincare, with labels promising pH-balanced cleansers and low-pH toners. Behind the marketing is a real idea: the surface of healthy skin is slightly acidic, and products that push it too far in either direction can cause problems for some people. The skin’s surface is mildly acidic, with research…
The front of a skincare bottle is designed to sell. The back, where the ingredient list sits, is where you find out what is actually inside. Learning to read that list takes a little practice, but it makes it much easier to choose products that suit your skin and avoid the ones that do not….
Waterproof and water-resistant foundations promise to survive sweat, humidity, rain and even tears. Some genuinely last through a hot day or a wedding; others slide off at the first sign of moisture. The difference comes down to how the formula is built. Foundation becomes waterproof or water-resistant mainly through film-forming polymers that create a flexible,…
Making your own creams, lotions and mists can be satisfying, and it lets you control exactly what goes on your skin. But the moment a recipe contains water, aloe juice, floral water or anything water-based, it becomes a place where bacteria, yeast and mould can grow, often without any visible sign. If a DIY cosmetic…
A moisturiser that separates, a sunscreen that turns grainy or a serum that goes brown halfway through the bottle are all signs of a product that is not stable. Stability testing is how responsible brands try to prevent those problems before a product ever reaches the shop shelf or your bathroom. Stability testing checks whether…
Some bottles on your bathroom shelf arrive in two or even three distinct layers, often in different colours, with a note to shake well before use. Eye makeup removers are the most familiar example, but multi-phase formulas also turn up in toners, serums, facial mists and sunscreens, and they can be confusing if you have…
If fragrance makes your skin itch, sting or break out, choosing products labelled fragrance-free seems like the obvious answer. But labels can be misleading. Some unscented products contain masking fragrance, and some products marketed as clean or natural are packed with essential oils that behave just like perfume on the skin. To tell whether a…